Blood testing is a routine part of preventive health. We use them to monitor health and diagnose any medical problems that may occur.

These tests are generally simple, with almost no risk and minimal discomfort.

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Examples of what can be tested in the blood include:

• Glucose (blood sugar)

• Types of cells, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets 

• Minerals, such as potassium, calcium, and iron 

• Fat and cholesterol 

• Vitamins, such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D 

• Hormones, such as thyroid hormones and estrogen

• Inflammatory markers, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

• Tumor markers, such as CA 125

• Genetic markers1

• Toxins, such as lead

• Drugs or medications2

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

Blood tests can be used to detect signs of health risks, infection, and the balance of fluids and minerals in the blood. They can also be used as an assessment of physical functions.